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It's possible that a vegetative state can become permanent, but often individuals progress to a minimally conscious state. Although the person is unaware of surroundings, he or she may open his or her eyes, make sounds, respond to reflexes, or move. Widespread damage to the brain can result in a vegetative state. After a few days to a few weeks, a person may emerge from a coma or enter a vegetative state. This results from widespread damage to all parts of the brain. A person in a coma is unconscious, unaware of anything and unable to respond to any stimulus. Different states of consciousness include: Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury can result in prolonged or permanent changes in a person's state of consciousness, awareness or responsiveness. Traumatic brain injury also results from penetrating wounds, severe blows to the head with shrapnel or debris, and falls or bodily collisions with objects following a blast. Although how the damage occurs isn't yet well understood, many researchers believe that the pressure wave passing through the brain significantly disrupts brain function.

Explosive blasts are a common cause of traumatic brain injury in active-duty military personnel. These are particularly common in youth.Įxplosive blasts and other combat injuries. Traumatic brain injuries may be caused by injuries from a number of sports, including soccer, boxing, football, baseball, lacrosse, skateboarding, hockey, and other high-impact or extreme sports. Shaken baby syndrome is a traumatic brain injury in infants caused by violent shaking. Gunshot wounds, domestic violence, child abuse and other assaults are common causes. Collisions involving cars, motorcycles or bicycles - and pedestrians involved in such accidents - are a common cause of traumatic brain injury. Falls from bed or a ladder, down stairs, in the bath, and other falls are the most common cause of traumatic brain injury overall, particularly in older adults and young children. The degree of damage can depend on several factors, including the nature of the injury and the force of impact.Ĭommon events causing traumatic brain injury include the following: Traumatic brain injury is usually caused by a blow or other traumatic injury to the head or body.